Nazi Revision Essay

9483 words - 38 pages

AS History Revision - Life in Nazi Germany 1933-45 Revision sheets
The Nazi Consolidation of Power, 1933-1934
The coming to power of Hitler and the Nazis in January 1933
Political Parties in the Reichstag June1920 May 1924
Dec. 1924
May 1928
Sep. 1930
July 1932
Nov. 1932
Mar. 1933
Communist Party (KPD) 4 62 45 54 77 89 100 81 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 102 100 131 153 143 133 121 120 Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 65 81 88 78 87 97 90 93 Nationalist Party (DNVP) 71 95 103 73 41 37 52 52 Nazi Party (NSDAP) - - - 12 107 230 196 288 Other Parties 98 92 73 121 122 22 35 23
Long term Factors • Propaganda • Attacks on opponents • Hitler's Personal Qualities • Long term Bitterness • Weimar Constitution • Money
In detail;
Long term Bitterness - The 'stab in the back' and the Treaty of Versailles; the treaty of Versailles stated Germany were to blame for WW1, they had to pay reparations (the government paid them by printing more money, causing inflation) and they lost some of their territory.
Ineffective constitution, Many Germans wanted to a return to Dictatorship! - The Weimar Government had plenty of problems; -Article 48 of the constitution gave the President sole power in 'times of emergency' - something he took often. -The system of proportional voting led to 28 parties. This made it virtually impossible to establish a majority in the Reichstag, and led to frequent changes in the government. -The German states had too much power and often ignored the government. -The Army was not fully under the government's control. Many government officials - especially judges - were right-wing and wanted to destroy the government.
Money - The Nazi party became very wealthy due to investments of businessmen who were scared of communism; the money was used to fund Hitler's propaganda programmes and election campaigns Example of German investors;
- Hjalmar Schacht, Head of the Reichsbank, organised fund-raising parties for Hitler. Example of international investors
- Henry Ford of Ford Motors
Short term factors; Key events from 1929
The Wall Street crash 1929 - America called back its loans to Germany resulting in the collapse of the German economy and a subsequent growth in unemployment

AS History Revision - Life in Nazi Germany 1933-45 Revision sheets
November 1932 elections - The Nazis failed to get a majority, their share of the vote fell from 230 to 196 - Hitler contemplated suicide
Hitler became Chancellor 1933 - Franz von Papen, the chancellor needed support in the Reichstag (Hindenburg and Papen were ruling by emergency decree under Article 48). Thinking they would be able to control Hitler; in the cabinet only 3 posts out of 12 were held by the Nazis, Hindenburg and Papen appointed Hitler as Chancellor
Reichstag Fire 27 Feb 1933 - The Reichstag (German Parliament) burnt down. A Dutch communist; Van Der Lubbe was caught and blamed, Hitler used this as an excuse to arrest many of his communist opponents and as a major...

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