North India Essay

871 words - 3 pages

NORTH INDIANorth India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat/Āryavarta(Devanagari: उत्तर भारत/आर्यवर्त), is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are theIndus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau andCentral Asia. North India has been the historical centre of the Maurya, Gupta, Mughal, Sur, Maratha, Sikh andBritish Indian Empires. It has a diverse culture, and includes the Hindu pilgrimage centers of Char Dham,Haridwar, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Mathura, Vaishno Deviand Pushkar, the Buddhist pilgrimage centers of Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar, the Sikh Golden Templeas well as world heritage sites such as the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Khajuraho temples, Hill Forts of Rajasthan, Jantar Mantar (Jaipur), Bhimbetka Caves,Sanchi monuments, Qutb Minar, Red Fort, Agra Fort,Fatehpur Sikri and the Taj Mahal. Hindi is the lingua franca of North India and has an official status together with English.Geography[edit]Shilla (7026 m) above theSpiti Valley in Himachal PradeshNorth India has extremely diverse climates.North India lies mainly on continental India, north of peninsular India. Towards its North are the Himalayas which define the boundary between the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau. To its west is the Thardesert, shared between North India and Pakistan and the Aravalli Range, beyond which lies the state of Gujarat. The Vindhya mountains are, in some interpretations, taken to be the southern boundary of North India.The predominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic plain which spans the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The Himalayas which lie in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir and the Thar desert which lies mainly in the state of Rajasthan. The state of Madhya Pradesh has large areas under forest cover, as do Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Chattisgarh.[21]General climate[edit]The Thar desert near Jaisalmer, RajasthanNorth India lies mainly in the north Temperate zone of the earth.[22]Though cool or cold winters, hot summers and moderate monsoons are the general pattern . North India is one of the most climatically diverse regions on Earth. During summer, temperature often crosses 35°C in most of the indo-gangetic plains, with temperature even crossing 45 °C in thar desert, rajasthan. During winter, the lowest temperature in the plains dips to below 5 °C, and below freezing point in some states. Heavy to moderate snowfall occurs in these states - Hmachal pradesh, J&K and Uttarakhand. Much of north India is notoriously infamous for heavy fog during winters.Extreme temperatures among inhabited regions have ranged from −45 °C (−49 °F) in Dras, Jammu and Kashmir[23] to 50.6 °C (123 °F) in Alwar,...

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