Introduction
Solar energy which is free and abundant in most components of the world has proven to be an economical source of energy in many applications. The sun is an immaculate and renewable energy source, which engenders neither green-house effect gas nor toxic waste through its utilization. Photovoltaic (PV) is a technology in which radiant energy from the sun is converted to direct current (DC) electricity. It utilizes materials which absorb photons of lights and relinquish electrons charges. It can be utilized for making electric engenderers. The rudimental element of these engenderers is denominated a PV cell.
A power electronic interface, e.g., as an inverter, operates in grid-connected mode; the voltage and frequency are tenacious by the utility grid. To maintain the operation power factor unitary the injected current is defined by the power electronic circuit with a felicitous feedback control. With the advent of DG predicated on power electronics, several applications in the last few years have demonstrated the advantages of programming reactive power at the grid, harmonics mitigation, and even voltage control at the Point of Mundane Coupling (PCC), as well as the utilization of energy storage systems.
A voltage source inverter was designed to function in two modes: grid-tied and STATCOM. For it, the voltage source inverter must have two control modes: simple P & Q regulation mode and droop control mode. When the inverter is grid connected, a fast fault detection technique is implemented in order to convert the inverter from into STATCOM and disconnects the DC side voltage support in case of black-out, and to seamlessly reconnect it back to the grid. In droop control mode the grid-connected inverters behaves like STATCOM and allow controlling the voltage at the PCC. This technique is a slight variation of the previous one, where basically the voltage feedback is used to adjust the amount of reactive power required for the system. In this mode the instantaneous peak voltage of the utility grid must be followed at the PCC.
System Topology
The electrical power supplied to the grid has to pass through several pieces of equipment and steps: the PV module itself, DC–DC converter, maximum power point tracker, DC link capacitor, DC–AC inverter and AC filter.
PV Module
The default parameters which were habituated to define the PV module in PSCAD are shown in Table I. The model enables the utilizer to designate the number of series and parallel cells per module and the number of modules connected in series and in parallel which avails in building PV systems with high power rating. In this project we consider the maximum number of module connected in series are 20 and in parallel model are 20. By utilizing the default values, the final output of the 400 module is 260 kilo-watt.
DC–DC converter
DC-DC converter is utilized for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) by controlling the voltage across the DC link capacitor and the PV array. The...
