AUTHORS: Thomas Hobbes, (1588-1679), was a Philosopher, Scientist and Historian from Wiltshire, England. Following his graduation from the University of Oxford, Hobbes went to work as a private tutor for the young William Cavendish, son of the First Earl of Devonshire. Later William became a Member of Parliament and was accompanied by Hobbes to many debates. During this exposure Hobbes wrote a piece, which later was printed as The Elements of War, Natural and Politic. Although he did not expect the book to be published, it is known to be his first piece on Political Philosophy. In this book, Hobbes defended the ideas of King Charles I, in regards to his royal duties. Parliament used ...view middle of the document...
The second reason is that people are timid and consequently defend themselves for self-confidence. And lastly, people will battle for recognition of their accomplishments. This constant combat between individuals causes a relentless “state of war.”
The theme of this book is Order and Authority. Hobbes explains that in order to restore peace and stability, all individuals must give up their personal rights to a superior Leader or group of Leaders. This new Leader, the “Sovereign,” has authority to make all decisions for the people under the “commonwealth.” This contract will protect the citizens and their properties against other individuals.
Hobbes goes on to state that it is not acceptable for a man to pretend that he is bonded to God; He is not a bodily being. Therefore, someone must represent Him and this would be considered unwarranted. Once this contract has been made all individuals must remain in this agreement and cannot be freed of it.
RELEVANCE: More then a century after Leviathan was written, the United States of America was in a comparable position. With the Articles of Confederation, written in 1781, each sate was able to govern independently within their borders. The central government dealt only with international business and wars. This created a weakness within government allowing for revolts within its people.
Shays’ Rebellion in 1786 proved the weakness between states and the national government. Citizens of Massachusetts, led by Daniel Shays, revolted against property confiscations due to high debt and unpaid taxes. After six months Massachusetts was able to regain...
